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A domain is simply a name such as example.com which can be looked up via the DNS system.

Domains can have various information associated with them, but the two most common are:

A Records
An A record identifies the IP address of a computer. This is the computer you will connect to when you want a web page hosted on it (say).
MX Records
An MX record identifies the name of a computer which will accept emails for a particular domain. A domain can have multiple MX records each with a numerical priority. The MX with the lowest numerical priority will be tried first, but if this is unreachable, the other MX records will be tried in turn.
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